Rajasthanl, Western Hindi, Eastern Hindi, and BiharI

Hindi. It is most important to understand clearly 
what we mean by Hindi, as the word is often used 
ambiguously. It is often, for instance, applied in a 
loose sense to the vernacular speech of the whole of 
Nor th India between the Punjab and Sindh on the 

West, and Bengal on the East. But the philological 
researches of scholars, such as Sir George Grierson, 
have shown that there are really four chief languages 
in this area, namely, Rajasthanl, Western Hindi, 
Eastern Hindi, and Biharl, each having a different 
parentage. Biharl really belongs to a group of lan- 
guages of which Bengali is another member. West- 
ern Hindi is closely connected in origin with Panjabi. 
The word Hindi is also often used to denote modern 
literary High Hindi in contradistinction to Urdu ; but 
both High Hindi and Urdu were, as will be shown below, 
developed from a dialect of Western Hindi. Hindustani 
(or Hindostani) is also a name used sometimes to denote 
the vernaculars of all Hindustan, that is the country 
between the Punjab and Sindh and Bengal, but is also 
sometimes used to mean the simpler speech which is 
the li7igua franca of modern India, and of which both 
Urdu and High Hindi are literary developments.

way into the treasures of India's past

way into the treasures of India's past

No section of the population of India can afford to 
neglect her ancient heritage. In her literature, philo- 


sophy, art, and regulated life there is much that is 
worthless, much also that is distinctly unhealthy ; yet 
the treasures of knowledge, wisdom, and beauty which 
they contain are too precious to be lost. Every citizen 
of India needs to use them, if he is to be a cul- 
tured modern Indian. This is as true of the Christian, 
the Muslim, the Zoroastrian as of the Hindu. But, 
while the heritage of India has been largely explored 
by scholars, and the results of their toil are laid out for 
us in their books, they cannot be said to be really 
available for the ordinary man.in order that 
every educated Indian, whether rich or poor, may be 
able to find his way into the treasures of India's past.

GEMS OF HISTORY,

No national language in India Gujarat High Court

No national language in India: Gujarat High Court ruling Jan 25, 2010,

AHMEDABAD: Does India have a national language? No, says the Gujarat High Court. The court also observed that in India, a majority of people have accepted Hindi as a national language and many speak Hindi and write in Devanagari script, but it's not officially the national language.

With this observation, a bench headed by Chief Justice S J Mukhopadhaya refused to issue directions that packaged commodities must contain details about goods in Hindi.
Petitioner Suresh Kachhadia had, in 2009, filed a public interest litigation (PIL) in the Gujarat HC seeking mandamus to the Centre as well as the state government to make it mandatory for manufacturers of goods to print in Hindi, all details of goods like price, ingredients and the date of manufacture. His contention was that the consumers are entitled to know what they are consuming.

It was argued that because Hindi is the national language and is understood by a large number of people in the country, directions should be given to publish all such details in Hindi. His counsel placed reliance on the deliberations in the Constituent Assembly in his arguments. Even the Centre's counsel referred to the Standard of Weights and Measures Packaged Commodities Rules and told the court that such declaration on packets should be either in English or in Hindi in Devanagari script.

But the court asked whether there was any notification saying Hindi is India's national language, for it's an ``official language'' of this country. No notification ever issued by the government could be produced before the court in this regard. This is because the Constitution has given Hindi the status of the official language and not the national language.

The court concluded that the rules have specific provisions for manufacturers that particulars of declaration should be in Hindi in Devanagari script or in English, and it's their prerogative to use English. Therefore, no mandamus can be issued on manufacturers or governments for giving details or particulars of package in Hindi.

Special status for Hindi-Sanskrit under Article 351

Special status for Hindi-Sanskrit under Article 351

In 2005,Sanskrit,which already had special status in Article 351 of the Constitution of India as the primary source language for the development of the official standard of Hindi, was also declared to be a classical language.
this was followed by similar declarations for Kannada and Telugu and Malayalam , based on the recommendation of a committee of linguistic experts constituted by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
In a 2006 press release, Minister of Tourism & Culture Ambika Soni told the Rajya Sabha the following criteria were laid down to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a "Classical Language".
“ High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years; A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers; The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community; The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.

Austro-asiatic roots of Hindi

Austro-asiatic roots of Hindi
Hindi one of the Indo-Aryan languages a subbranch of Indo-European spoken by 74% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 23% of Indians.Other languages spoken in India belong to the Austroasiatic,  and a few minor language families and isolates.

The north Indian languages from the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family evolved from Old Indo-Aryan by way of the Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrit languages and Apabhramsa of the Middle Ages. There is no consensus for a specific time where the modern north Indian languages such as Hindustani, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi,Punjabi, Rajasthani, Sindhi and Oriya emerged, but AD 1000 is commonly accepted.Each language had different influences.